{"id":19364,"date":"2025-12-06T11:38:55","date_gmt":"2025-12-06T08:08:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19364"},"modified":"2025-12-06T11:38:55","modified_gmt":"2025-12-06T08:08:55","slug":"%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%a7%d9%82%d8%aa%d8%b5%d8%a7%d8%af-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%85%d9%82%d8%a7%d9%88%d9%85-%d9%81%d9%8a-%d8%a7%d8%b7%d8%a7%d8%b1-%d8%aa%d8%b7%d9%88%d8%b1-%d8%a7%d9%84%d9%86%d8%b8%d8%b1%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19364","title":{"rendered":"\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0639\u062a\u0628\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0647\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0639\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 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\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0641\u0639 \u0627\u0643\u062a\u0634\u0627\u0641 \u0645\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648 (TFP) Total Factors Productivity\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0630 \u062a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u0647\u0627<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn4\" name=\"_ftnref4\"><em>[4]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064e\u062a \u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0630 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/\">\u0623\u0646\u0634\u0637\u0629<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0628\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn5\" name=\"_ftnref5\"><em>[5]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0628\u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0646 \u0643\u062a\u0627\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0648\u0644 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0631 (Paul Romer ) \u0648\u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0633 (Robert Lucas) \u0648\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0641\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u0644 Marvin) Frankel)\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 ((Lucas \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 (\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a) \u0645\u0646 \u0648\u062c\u0647\u0629 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 (Romer)\u060c \u0625\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f\u0651\u064f \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0640\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062a\u062d\u0640\u062f\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0627\u0636\u064a<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn6\" name=\"_ftnref6\"><em>[6]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup> .<\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u062f \u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645 (\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0643\u060c 1962)<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn7\" name=\"_ftnref7\"><em>[7]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ( AK) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062e\u0644\u0635 \u0645\u0646 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0640\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0646\u0628\u0624\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0640\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u062f \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u064a\u062a\u0648\u0642\u0641 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062f\u062e\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0628\u062a \u0648\u0633\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643\u060c \u0625\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0644\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0627 \u0647\u0648 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0643\u0640\u062f \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0628\u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u0629 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c ( AK ) \u064a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u060c \u0627\u0630 \u064a\u0624\u0643\u062f \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u0647 \u0639\u0646 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (Robort Solow)\u060c \u0623\u0630 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0644\u0647\u0645 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u062e\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0639\u0643\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0623\u0643\u062b\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0641\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u064a\u062f\u0639\u0649 \u0628\u0625\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0632 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0645<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn8\" name=\"_ftnref8\"><em>[8]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0633\u0645\u0649 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (AK) &#8220;\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0647 \u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0625\u0644\u063a\u0627\u0621 \u0641\u0631\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0636 \u0623\u0646 (\u03b1 = 1) \u0641\u0625\u0650\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u0629 \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0640\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c ( Cobb-Douglas ) \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062a\u064a\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn9\" name=\"_ftnref9\"><em>[9]<\/em><\/a>) <\/sup>:-<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u00a0\u0648\u0628\u0645\u0627 \u0627\u0646 (\u03b1 =1) \u0641\u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 (1=L<sup>0<\/sup>=L<sup>1-1<\/sup>) \u0648\u0628\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a :<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0648\u0644\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u064a\u0637\u0644\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u0647 \u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (AK)\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0630 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0628\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 \u0627\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c (AK) \u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a \u0639\u062f\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0643\u0627\u0646\u060c \u0625\u064a \u0625\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u064a\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u0632\u0627\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631\u060c \u0628\u0645\u0639\u0646\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062c\u0631\u0627\u0621\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0639\u0645\u0629 \u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0628\u0631 \u0648\u0636\u0639 \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062c\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn10\" name=\"_ftnref10\"><em>[10]<\/em><\/a>) <\/sup><em>.<\/em><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0641\u064a \u0633\u064a\u0627\u0642 \u0645\u062a\u0635\u0644 \u0623\u0643\u062f (Robert Lucas) (1988) \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u0647\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 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\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0640\u062f\u064a\u0647 \u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646 \u064a\u0648\u0638\u0641\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637 \u0623\u0648 \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0646\u060c \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0641\u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u062c\u0640\u062f \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0651 \u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0623\u062e\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0641\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u0644\u0627 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u064a\u0646\u0641\u0642 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn15\" name=\"_ftnref15\"><em>[15]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u062d\u062f\u062f\u0627\u064b\u060c \u0641\u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u064a\u0641\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0635\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u0646\u0627\u062d\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0625\u0630\u0627 \u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0642\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0635\u0635 \u0644\u0644\u0641\u0631\u0627\u063a \u0645\u062d\u0643\u0648\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0645\u0646\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0643\u0645 \u0628\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f\u0626\u0630 \u064a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0644\u0627\u0643 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0631\u062f\u064a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0648\u064a\u0627\u064b \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0637 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0645 \u062a\u062e\u062a\u0641\u064a \u0625\u0645\u0643\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn16\" name=\"_ftnref16\"><em>[16]<\/em><\/a>) <\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0636\u0644\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a\u060c \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0633\u0647\u0627\u0645 (Paul M. Romer)<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn17\" name=\"_ftnref17\"><em>[17]<\/em><\/a>)\u060c <\/sup>\u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0647\u0640\u062f\u0641\u062a \u0623\u0636\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0645\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u0644\u0623\u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0647\u0640\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 (<em>R&amp;D<\/em>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u062d\u0641\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u062a\u0643\u0644\u0641\u0629 \u062d\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0635\u0641\u0631\u064a\u0629 Zero Marginal Cost \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 <sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn18\" name=\"_ftnref18\"><em>[18]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>\u060c \u0648\u0642\u062f \u0627\u0643\u062f<sup> (<a href=\"#_ftn19\" name=\"_ftnref19\"><em>[19]<\/em><\/a>)<\/sup>Paul M. Rome 1990 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u0640\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0647\u0648 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633 \u0644\u062a\u062d\u0641\u064a\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u064a \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0626\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644.<\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0648\u064a\u0641\u062a\u0631\u0636 Romer \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c\u0647 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u064a\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0640\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0647\u064a<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn20\" name=\"_ftnref20\"><em>[20]<\/em><\/a>) <\/sup>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<ol>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629 .<\/li>\n<li>\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a .<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p>\u0641\u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 (\u0627\u0644\u062a\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0627\u0631) \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0645\u060c \u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0644\u0647\u064f \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0640\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0639\u062f \u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0650\u0644\u0649 :<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u064a\u0635 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0632\u064a\u062f \u0645\u0646 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0631\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639\u0640\u062f\u0644 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629.<\/li>\n<li>\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0640\u0632\u0621 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0643\u0628\u0631 \u0645\u0646 \u0625\u0650\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0623\u0633\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0631\u0641\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062f\u062e\u0644 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0637\u0631\u064a\u0642\u062a\u064a\u0646 \u0645\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0632\u062a\u064a\u0646<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn21\" name=\"_ftnref21\"><strong><em>[21]<\/em><\/strong><\/a>) <\/sup>:<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<ul>\n<li>\u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f \u064a\u062a\u064a\u062d \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u0640\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0644\u062a\u0639\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0627\u062a\u0640\u062c .<\/li>\n<li>\u064a\u0632\u064a\u0640\u062f \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 .<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h4><strong>\u00a0\u00a0 \u0623\u064e\u0645\u0651\u064e\u0627 \u0623\u0646 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 Romer \u062a\u0643\u0640\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0642\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c ( Cobb-Douglas ) \u0648\u062a\u0634\u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0627\u0644\u0629 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0639\u0646\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 Solow \u0648\u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646 \u0635\u064a\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062a\u064a<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn22\" name=\"_ftnref22\"><em>[22]<\/em><\/a>) <\/sup>:<\/strong><\/h4>\n<p><strong>Y\u00a0 =\u00a0 <\/strong> <strong><sup>B<\/sup><\/strong><strong> \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026..\u00a0 (1)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0641\u0625\u0650\u0630 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e (<strong>A<\/strong>) \u062a\u0645\u062b\u0644 \u0631\u0635\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u0644\u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0644\u064a\u0633 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0646\u0635\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0624\u0643\u0640\u062f <strong>Romer<\/strong> \u0623\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0625\u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644\u0629 (<strong>L<\/strong>) \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0623\u064e\u0646\u0651\u064e \u064a\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 (<strong>LA<\/strong>) \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a \u064a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0623\u0648 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629 (<strong>LY <\/strong>\u00a0) :<\/p>\n<p><strong>L\u00a0 =\u00a0 Ly + LA \u2026\u2026\u2026\u2026.\u00a0 (2)<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0642\u062f \u0646\u062c\u062f \u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0643\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0646\u062a\u064a\u062c\u0629 \u062c\u0647\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0623\u0648 \u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u0632\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0648\u062f\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0634\u0643\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0648 \u062a\u0635\u0645\u064a\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u064a\u0645\u0643\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0639\u0627\u0631\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u062f\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0640\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u062a\u0639\u062f \u0639\u0640\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u064a\u062c\u0627\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u0624\u062f\u064a \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0647\u0627\u0645 \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0623\u064e\u064a\u0652 \u062a\u0648\u0636\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u0630\u0627\u062a\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a \u0648\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0644\u060c \u0625\u0650\u0630 \u0625\u0650\u0646\u0651\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u064a\u0628\u062a\u0643\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u0623\u0641\u0643\u0627\u0631\u0627\u064b \u062c\u0640\u062f\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637\u0629\u060c \u0648\u064a\u0642\u0640\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0633\u064a\u0637 \u0628\u062a\u0637\u0628\u064a\u0642\u0647\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0626\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0647\u0627\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0627\u0641 \u0632\u064a\u0627\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0628\u0633\u0628\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0640\u0648\u064a\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0628\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0628\u0640\u062d\u0627\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0643\u0627\u062a<strong><em>\u00a0 <\/em><\/strong>\u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a .<\/p>\n<p>\u064a\u0638\u0647\u0631 \u062c\u0644\u064a\u0651\u0627 \u0645\u062f\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0636\u0648\u064a \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0625\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0641\u0629\u060c \u0628\u0644 \u0625\u0646 \u063a\u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0644\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u0648\u0641\u0651\u0631\u0647 \u0644\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0646 \u0633\u064a\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0645\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0623\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647\u0650 \u064a\u0639\u0646\u064a \u0625\u0636\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0645\u0628\u0627\u0634\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649\u060c \u0644\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u062a\u0639\u0645\u0644 \u0625\u064a \u0627 \u0631\u0646 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u062a\u0642\u0644\u064a\u0644 \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0627\u0642\u0648\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u0647\u0627 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062e\u0631\u0649 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0646\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0631\u0627\u0639\u0629 .<\/p>\n<p>\u0646\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062a\u062c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0627\u0646 \u0623\u0646 \u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u064e \u0645\u0646 \u062c\u0627\u0646\u0628 \u0648\u0636\u0639\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0640\u0644\u0627\u0642\u0629 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0647\u0630\u0647\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0633\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0642\u0637\u0627\u0639\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629\u064e \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062e\u0640\u062f\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 \u0648\u062a\u0648\u0638\u064a\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0630 \u0627\u0646 \u0639\u0640\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0647\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0645\u064e \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u0641\u064a\u060c \u0641\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631\u0650 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0645\u0627 \u0628\u064a\u0646\u064e \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u064a \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0643\u0648\u0646\u064c \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u0640\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0640\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0643\u0640\u0630\u0644\u0643 \u0641\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0640\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u064a \u062a\u0639\u062a\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u062a\u0633\u062a\u0637\u064a\u0639 \u0627\u0646 \u062a\u062d\u0642\u0642 \u062a\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u064b \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0645\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u0650 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> . \u0645\u0646\u064a\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u0634\u060c \u0628\u0627\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u060c \u0646\u0627\u0626\u0628 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0646\u062f\u0648\u0629 20\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0627\u0621\u060c 5\/12\/2006 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> . Endogenous Growth \u00a0Models .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a>. \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 213\u2013 214 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a>. \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c&#8221; \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0627\u060c \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0645\u0634\u0642\u060c 2005\u060c \u0635 8 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a>. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0633\u064a\u062f \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0639\u0648\u062f\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635 3 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a>. \u0631\u0628\u064a\u0639 \u0646\u0635\u0631\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u06358 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a>. Frankel\u060c M\u060c &#8220;The production function in allocation and growth-a synthesis\u060c Economic Review\u060c No 52\u060c 1962 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> .Karl Whelan\u060c &#8220;AK Models\u060c EC 4010\u060c 2005\u060c P3.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a>. \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c &#8220;\u062d\u0633\u0627\u0628 \u0645\u0639\u062f\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u062a\u0627\u062c \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a \u0628\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062e\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u0646\u0645\u0648\u0630\u062c \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0644\u0644\u0645\u062f\u0629 ( 2014- 1980)\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0646\u0633\u0627\u0646\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0648\u0627\u0633\u0637\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644 \u062f11\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f31\u060c 2015\u060c \u063522 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\"><\/a>.[10] \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0628\u0627\u0642\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u0648\u0634\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u064f\u060c \u0635 23.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> . The Accumulation of Human Capital .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>. \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u062a\u0631\u0643\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0631\u064a\u0634\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0639\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0631\u0627\u0621 \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0648\u0632\u064a\u0639\u060c \u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646\u060c 2010\u060c \u0635120-114 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\">[13]<\/a>. \u063a\u0631\u064a\u063a\u0640\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0643\u0644\u0627\u0631\u0643\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a (\u0646\u0634\u0623\u062a\u0647 \u0648\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0648\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644\u0647)\u060c \u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u064a\u0648\u0628\u064a\u060c \u0645\u0631\u0627\u062c\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u0645\u062c\u0629 \u060c\u06371\u060c \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645 \u0646\u0627\u0634\u0631\u0648\u0646 \u060c\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a \u060c2009\u060c \u0635301 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> .Robert Lucas\u060c &#8220;On the Mechanics of Economic Development\u060c Journal of Monetary Economics\u060c No 22\u060c1988.p40<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> . \u0631\u0648\u0628\u0631\u062a \u0633\u0648\u0644\u0648\u060c \u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0628\u0642\u060c \u0635217 .<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a>. \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647\u060c \u0635 229- 230.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a>. Paul M. Romer\u060c &#8220;Endogenous technological change\u060c Journal of Political Economy\u060c Vol 98\u060c No.5\u060c 1990\u060c P102.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a>. \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0644\u064a\u060c &#8220;\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u0648\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u0644\u062f 5\u060c \u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 2\u060c 2003\u060c \u0635 7.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> . Rolle Remi Ahuru\u060c Uffie Edison James\u060c &#8220;Testng the Solow Model in Nigeriais Economy\u060c Journal\u060c Vol 13\u060c No (1)\u060c June\u060c 2015\u060c P288.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a>. Hulya Ulku\u060c R&amp;D\u060c&#8221;Innovation\u060cand Economic: An Empirical Analysis\u060c international Monetary Fund (IMF)\u060cVol 185\u060c No 4\u060c 2004\u060c P6.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a>. Hulya Ulku\u060c Op \u060cCit \u060cP8.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a>. Keshabr.R Bhattavai\u060c &#8220;Economic Growth: Models and Global Evidene\u060c Tapan Biswasand\u060c2004\u060cPP13\u201314.Availablefrom <a href=\"https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228369047_Economic_Growth_Models_and_Global_Evidence\">https:\/\/www.researchgate.net\/publication\/228369047_Economic_Growth_Models_and_Global_Evidence<\/a>.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0645\u0627\u0630\u062c \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u064a \u0644\u062f\u0649 \u0631\u0648\u0645\u0631 \u0648\u0644\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0633\u060c \u0645\u0645\u0627 \u064a\u062c\u0639\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u0646\u0648\u0644\u0648\u062c\u064a\u0627 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0627\u0633\u0627\u064b \u0644\u0644\u0646\u0645\u0648 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0633\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0645\u0629&#8230;..<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":621,"featured_media":19365,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,53],"tags":[6019,10184,10183,2215,10185,5459,56,758,58,9307,757],"class_list":["post-19364","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive---","category-economic-","tag-_","tag-__","tag-economic-","tag-758","tag-political-","tag-9307","tag-757"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0637\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0638\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u0628\u064a\u0651\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0642\u062a\u0635\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0642\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0623\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0645\u0648\u062f \u064a\u0631\u062a\u0643\u0632 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0642\u0648\u0629 \u0628\u0646\u064a\u0648\u064a\u0629 \u0646\u0627\u062a\u062c\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0631\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0631\u0623\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0634\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u064a\u0631\u060c \u0648\u0641\u0642 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631...\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, 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