{"id":19252,"date":"2025-12-02T17:00:36","date_gmt":"2025-12-02T13:30:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19252"},"modified":"2025-12-02T17:00:36","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T13:30:36","slug":"%d8%aa%d8%a3%d8%b3%d9%8a%d8%b3-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%af%d9%88%d9%84%d8%a9-%d8%a7%d9%84%d8%b9%d8%b1%d8%a7%d9%82%d9%8a%d8%a9","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19252","title":{"rendered":"\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u0643\u0627\u0646\u062a \u0644\u0644\u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062b\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u064a\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0646\u0634\u0623\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629,\u062d\u064a\u062b \u0625\u0646 \u062a\u0644\u0643 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name=\"_ftnref11\">[11]<\/a>)<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0628\u064a\u062f \u0625\u0646 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 1985\u0644\u0645 \u062a\u062a\u0633\u0645\u0631 \u0625\u0644\u0627 \u0623\u0631\u0628\u0639 \u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u062d\u064a\u062b \u0642\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0628\u062b\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0648\u0628\u0639\u0636 \u0627\u0644\u0636\u0628\u0627\u0637 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a 8\u0634\u0628\u0627\u0637 1963\u0628\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0639\u0633\u0643\u0631\u064a \u0636\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0648\u0628\u0645\u0648\u062c\u0628 \u0647\u0630\u0627 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0623\u0635\u0628\u062d \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645 \u0639\u0627\u0631\u0641 \u0631\u0626\u064a\u0633\u0627 \u0644\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0647\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u0646 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name=\"_ftnref14\">[14]<\/a>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<h4><strong>\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0643\u062a\u0644\u0627\u062a\u00a0 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0641\u064a <a href=\"https:\/\/ar.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/%D8%A7%D9%84%D8%B9%D8%B1%D8%A7%D9%82\">\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 <\/a><\/strong><\/h4>\n<p>\u0634\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0648\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0644\u0627\u062b\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0645\u0645\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0644\u062d\u0648\u0638\u0627 \u0641\u064a \u0645\u062c\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629.\u063a\u064a\u0631 \u0625\u0646 \u0628\u062f\u0627\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0633\u0627\u0631 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name=\"_ftnref32\">[32]<\/a>).<\/sup><\/p>\n<p>\u0648\u0639\u0646\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0645 1919,\u0627\u0646\u0641\u0635\u0644\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u064a\u0646 \u0641\u064a \u0628\u0639\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0639\u0646 \u0641\u0631\u0639 \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0623\u0633\u0633\u062a \u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0633\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u062d\u0631\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0632\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0639\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646\u064a \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0635\u062f\u0631,\u0648\u0643\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0647\u062f\u0627\u0641 \u0647\u0630\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 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\u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0645\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629<sup>(<a href=\"#_ftn79\" name=\"_ftnref79\">[79]<\/a>)<\/sup>.<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref1\" name=\"_ftn1\">[1]<\/a> \u0627\u064a\u0631\u0633\u0643\u064a\u0646 \u062a\u0634\u0627\u064a\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0632,\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0642\u064a\u0642\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a,\u062a\u0639\u0631\u064a\u0628 \u062e\u064a\u0631\u064a \u062d\u0645\u0627\u062f,\u0645\u0646\u0634\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u064a,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a.1960,\u063573<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref2\" name=\"_ftn2\">[2]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636,\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,2002,\u0635193<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref3\" name=\"_ftn3\">[3]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a \u0648\u0622\u062e\u0631\u064a\u0646,\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u062a\u0628,\u062c\u0627\u0645\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0648\u0635\u0644,1981,\u063567<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref4\" name=\"_ftn4\">[4]<\/a> \u0648\u0645\u064a\u0636 \u062c\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0639\u0645\u0631 \u0646\u0638\u0645\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1984,\u0635422<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref5\" name=\"_ftn5\">[5]<\/a> \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0629,\u0646\u062d\u0648 \u0639\u0642\u062f \u0627\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u062c\u062f\u064a\u062f,(\u0628\u062d\u062b \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0631\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0633\u062a\u0648\u0631\u064a\u0629),\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629(7),\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0648\u062d\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1987\u061f,\u063535<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref6\" name=\"_ftn6\">[6]<\/a> \u0646\u0632\u0627\u0631 \u062a\u0648\u0641\u064a\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0648,\u0627\u0644\u0635\u0631\u0627\u0639 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0637\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0643\u064a,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0646\u062f\u064a,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1984,\u063540<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref7\" name=\"_ftn7\">[7]<\/a> \u0639\u0627\u0645\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0641\u064a\u0627\u0636,\u062c\u0630\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647,\u0635199<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref8\" name=\"_ftn8\">[8]<\/a> \u0645\u062c\u0645\u0648\u0639\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0623\u0644\u064a\u0641 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1983,\u0635667<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref9\" name=\"_ftn9\">[9]<\/a> \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062c\u062a\u0628\u064a,\u0642\u0645,1999\u063597<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref10\" name=\"_ftn10\">[10]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u0635100<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref11\" name=\"_ftn11\">[11]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u0648\u064a,\u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645 \u0642\u0627\u0633\u0645 \u0631\u0624\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0639\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0646\u0633\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646,\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646,1983,\u063534<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref12\" name=\"_ftn12\">[12]<\/a>\u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647,\u0635157-179<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref13\" name=\"_ftn13\"><\/a>\u00a0[13]\u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0631\u0641\u0627\u0633 \u0648\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062d\u0646\u0627,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u064a\u0646 \u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0646,\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0644\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,2006,\u063537<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref14\" name=\"_ftn14\">[14]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631,\u0645\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0633\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0629 \u0642\u0636\u0627\u064a\u0627 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629(2),\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0632\u064a\u062f\u0644\u0644\u0646\u0634\u0631,\u0644\u0646\u062f\u0646,1994,\u063550<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref15\" name=\"_ftn15\">[15]<\/a> \u063a\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0637\u064a\u0629,\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0646\u0638\u064a\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0642\u0628\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0644\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644\u0649,\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f12, 1972,\u063534<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref16\" name=\"_ftn16\">[16]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a,1908-1958,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1977,\u063517<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref17\" name=\"_ftn17\">[17]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u063521-22<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref18\" name=\"_ftn18\">[18]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u063516<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref19\" name=\"_ftn19\">[19]<\/a> \u0627\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0632\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0639\u0638\u0645\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0623\u0633\u0628\u0627\u0628\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0645\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647\u0627 \u0648\u0646\u062a\u0627\u0626\u062c\u0647\u0627,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1932,\u063535-39<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref20\" name=\"_ftn20\">[20]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0645\u0647\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0635\u064a\u0631,\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0636\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1954,\u062c1,\u063537-41<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref21\" name=\"_ftn21\">[21]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u064a\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a,(1908-1958),\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1977,\u063531-37<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref22\" name=\"_ftn22\">[22]<\/a> \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0645 \u0634\u0631\u0627\u0628\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u062b\u0642\u0641\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u063a\u0631\u0628,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1970,\u063520<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref23\" name=\"_ftn23\">[23]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u062a\u0645\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 ,\u0627\u0644\u0644\u062c\u0646\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0644\u064a\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0644\u0627\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632\u064a\u0629 \u0628\u0645\u0635\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629,1913,\u063514-122<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref24\" name=\"_ftn24\">[24]<\/a> \u0623\u0645\u064a\u0646 \u0633\u0639\u064a\u062f,\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629,\u062c2, 1936,\u063525<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref25\" name=\"_ftn25\">[25]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u063525<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref26\" name=\"_ftn26\">[26]<\/a> \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0634\u0628\u0631,\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0639\u0648\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629,\u062c1,\u0642\u0645,1427, \u0635108- 109<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref27\" name=\"_ftn27\">[27]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0647\u0627\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0643\u0627\u0645,\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 1921-1933,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0622\u062f\u0627\u0628,\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641.1975,\u063524<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref28\" name=\"_ftn28\">[28]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646,\u0645\u0639\u0644\u0648\u0645\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0645\u0634\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649 \u0644\u0633\u0646\u0629 1920, \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u064a\u0627\u0646, \u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641,1971,\u063520<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref29\" name=\"_ftn29\">[29]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0627\u0634\u0641 \u0627\u0644\u063a\u0637\u0627\u0621,\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0641\u064a \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 1920-1950,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0627\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1989,\u063554-55<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref30\" name=\"_ftn30\">[30]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646,\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0643\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0646\u064a,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1986,\u063577<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref31\" name=\"_ftn31\">[31]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u062d\u0633\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0628\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0637\u0631 1908-1958,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,\u063547-48<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref32\" name=\"_ftn32\">[32]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u063548<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref33\" name=\"_ftn33\">[33]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0628\u0631\u0649,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,\u06375, 1982,\u063558-59<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref34\" name=\"_ftn34\">[34]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u0637\u0627\u0647\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631\u064a,\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0645\u0642\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629,\u062c3, \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1925,\u063556<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref35\" name=\"_ftn35\">[35]<\/a> \u0644.\u0646.\u0643\u0648\u062a\u0644\u0648\u0641,\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u062d\u0631\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u062a\u0631\u062c\u0645\u0629 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0627\u062d\u062f \u0643\u0631\u0645,\u0645\u0643\u062a\u0628\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0642\u0638\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1985,\u0635143<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref36\" name=\"_ftn36\">[36]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062c\u064a,\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0623\u0628\u0648 \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 1908-1945,\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0646\u0648\u0646,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1978,\u063536<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref37\" name=\"_ftn37\">[37]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0632\u0628\u064a\u062f\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0648\u0646 \u0625\u0644\u0649 \u062c\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0629 \u0647\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u0633\u0646\u0629 1922,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0624\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0642\u0627\u0641\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1985,\u0635198<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref38\" name=\"_ftn38\">[38]<\/a> \u0646\u062f\u064a\u0645 \u0639\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0644\u0641,\u0627\u0644\u0641\u0643\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0644\u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646, \u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1975,\u0635264-268<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref39\" name=\"_ftn39\">[39]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629, \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f12\u0641\u064a 14\u062a\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a,1920<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref40\" name=\"_ftn40\">[40]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 316\u0641\u064a 13\u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646,1921<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref41\" name=\"_ftn41\">[41]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0641\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0641\u064a\u0633\u064a,\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0639\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0647\u0627\u0631,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1973,\u0635199-200<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref42\" name=\"_ftn42\">[42]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f22\u0641\u064a 15\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u0648\u0644 ,1920<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref43\" name=\"_ftn43\">[43]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref44\" name=\"_ftn44\">[44]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0633\u062a\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0644,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 35\u0641\u064a 14\u0643\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0627\u0646\u064a,1921<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref45\" name=\"_ftn45\">[45]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a,\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b,\u062c3,\u06372,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1957,\u0635209-219<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref46\" name=\"_ftn46\">[46]<\/a> \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0648\u0642 \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0645\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0641\u064a \u0639\u0647\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628,(1921- 1932),\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1978,\u063535-210<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref47\" name=\"_ftn47\">[47]<\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642,\u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0644\u0644\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0639\u0629,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,\u06372 ,1989,\u0635109<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref48\" name=\"_ftn48\">[48]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u0635120<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref49\" name=\"_ftn49\">[49]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a,\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629,\u062c3,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1988,\u063597<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref50\" name=\"_ftn50\">[50]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f65, 20 \u0622\u0630\u0627\u0631,1934<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref51\" name=\"_ftn51\">[51]<\/a> \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0632\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0633\u0646\u064a,\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629,\u062c4,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1988,\u063547-48<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref52\" name=\"_ftn52\">[52]<\/a> \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a,\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0631\u0634\u064a\u062f \u0639\u0627\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0643\u064a\u0644\u0627\u0646\u064a,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1974, \u063517<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref53\" name=\"_ftn53\">[53]<\/a> \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062c\u064a,\u0645\u0646 \u0623\u0648\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062c\u064a,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1971,\u0635101<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref54\" name=\"_ftn54\">[54]<\/a> \u0635\u0644\u0627\u062d \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0642\u0627\u062f,\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0627\u0644\u0642\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0629,\u0645\u062c\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0627\u062a\u0628,\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0633 1967,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f72,\u063597-98<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref55\" name=\"_ftn55\">[55]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647,\u063598<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref56\" name=\"_ftn56\">[56]<\/a> \u0625\u0633\u0645\u0627\u0639\u064a\u0644 \u064a\u0627\u063a\u064a,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642,\u063517<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref57\" name=\"_ftn57\">[57]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062c\u064a,\u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0647,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1970,\u063551-52<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref58\" name=\"_ftn58\">[58]<\/a> \u0633\u0645\u064a\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u064a\u0645,\u0623\u0636\u0648\u0627\u0621 \u0639\u0644\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0631\u0643\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u064a\u0648\u0639\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0635\u0627\u062f,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1973,\u063512<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref59\" name=\"_ftn59\">[59]<\/a> \u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0627\u0642,\u0623\u064a\u0627\u0645 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0643\u0628\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1937,\u063596<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref60\" name=\"_ftn60\">[60]<\/a> \u0645\u0630\u0643\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0643\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0631\u062c\u064a \u0648\u062a\u0627\u0631\u064a\u062e \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0637\u0646\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0645\u0642\u0631\u0627\u0637\u064a,\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u0637\u0644\u064a\u0639\u0629,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,1970,\u063520-67<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref61\" name=\"_ftn61\">[61]<\/a> \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 1941-1953,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0646,\u0627\u0644\u0646\u062c\u0641,1976,\u0635207<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref62\" name=\"_ftn62\">[62]<\/a> \u062c\u0631\u064a\u062f\u0629 \u0635\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0631\u0627\u0631,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u062f\u062f 42, 25 \u062d\u0632\u064a\u0631\u0627\u0646 1946<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref63\" name=\"_ftn63\">[63]<\/a> \u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631 \u0639\u0628\u0627\u0633 \u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f\u064a,\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0637\u0648\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a\u0629 \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635209<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref64\" name=\"_ftn64\">[64]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635210<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref65\" name=\"_ftn65\">[65]<\/a> \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a,\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0634\u0631\u0642,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1997,\u0635158<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref66\" name=\"_ftn66\">[66]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635158-159<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref67\" name=\"_ftn67\">[67]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635160-164<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref68\" name=\"_ftn68\">[68]<\/a> \u062c\u0647\u0627\u062f \u0645\u062c\u064a\u062f \u0645\u062d\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062f\u064a\u0646,\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0628\u064a\u0629, 1941- 1958, \u0645\u0637\u0628\u0639\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0631\u0634\u0627\u062f,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,1980,\u063597<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref69\" name=\"_ftn69\">[69]<\/a> \u0633\u062a\u0627\u0631 \u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0627\u0628\u0631\u064a,\u0633\u0639\u062f \u0635\u0627\u0644\u062d \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0644\u0633\u064a\u0627\u0633\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647,\u0635178<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref70\" name=\"_ftn70\">[70]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635178- 181<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref71\" name=\"_ftn71\">[71]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635183- 184<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref72\" name=\"_ftn72\">[72]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647 , \u0635148- 185<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref73\" name=\"_ftn73\">[73]<\/a> \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635173- 175<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref74\" name=\"_ftn74\">[74]<\/a> \u0645\u062d\u0645\u062f \u062d\u0645\u062f\u064a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0639\u0641\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0646\u0642\u0644\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0648\u0635\u064a \u0641\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0639\u0627\u0645 1952,\u06372,\u0628\u063a\u062f\u0627\u062f,2001,\u063585<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref75\" name=\"_ftn75\">[75]<\/a> \u0639\u062b\u0645\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u0631\u0648\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0648\u0631\u064a,\u0627\u0633\u062a\u062c\u0648\u0627\u0628 \u0635\u062f\u0627\u0645 \u062d\u0633\u064a\u0646 \u0631\u062c\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0636\u0627\u062a,\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0628\u0642 \u0630\u0643\u0631\u0647, \u0635186- 187<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref76\" name=\"_ftn76\">[76]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635187- 188<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref77\" name=\"_ftn77\">[77]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635188<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref78\" name=\"_ftn78\">[78]<\/a> \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0635\u062f\u0631 \u0646\u0641\u0633\u0647, \u0635188- \u0635189<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"#_ftnref79\" name=\"_ftn79\">[79]<\/a> \u0639\u0644\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0624\u0645\u0646,\u0633\u0646\u0648\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0631,\u06373,\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0631\u0643\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a \u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0635\u0631,\u0628\u064a\u0631\u0648\u062a,2004, \u063523- 25<\/p>\n<div id=\"gtx-anchor\" style=\"position: absolute; visibility: hidden; left: 1017.17px; top: 1077.36px; width: 49.6363px; height: 20px;\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jfk-bubble gtx-bubble\" style=\"visibility: visible; left: 376px; top: 1107px; opacity: 1;\" role=\"alertdialog\" aria-describedby=\"bubble-8\">\n<div id=\"bubble-8\" class=\"jfk-bubble-content-id\">\n<div id=\"gtx-host\" style=\"min-width: 200px; max-width: 400px;\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div class=\"jfk-bubble-closebtn-id jfk-bubble-closebtn\" tabindex=\"0\" role=\"button\" aria-label=\"Close\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jfk-bubble-arrow-id jfk-bubble-arrow jfk-bubble-arrowup\" style=\"left: 1032.17px;\">\n<div class=\"jfk-bubble-arrowimplbefore\"><\/div>\n<div class=\"jfk-bubble-arrowimplafter\"><\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0644\u062c\u0645\u0639\u064a\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0633\u0631\u0651\u064a\u0629 \u062d\u062a\u0649 \u0627\u0644\u0623\u062d\u0632\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0642\u0648\u0645\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u064a\u0633\u0627\u0631\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0643\u0631\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0625\u0633\u0644\u0627\u0645\u064a\u0629\u060c \u0645\u0628\u0631\u0632\u064b\u0627 \u0647\u0634\u0627\u0634\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0646\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 \u0648\u0627\u063a\u062a\u0631\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0639\u0646 \u0645\u062c\u062a\u0645\u0639\u0647\u0627&#8230;.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":15,"featured_media":19253,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[1,54],"tags":[10099,10100,10101,10102,8030,10098,57,758,58,757,10097],"class_list":["post-19252","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-archive---","category-political-security--","tag-__","tag-_","tag-___","tag-security-","tag-758","tag-political-","tag-757","tag-10097"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO Premium plugin v25.0 (Yoast SEO v26.0) - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>\u062a\u0623\u0633\u064a\u0633 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 - \u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"\u064a\u062a\u062a\u0628\u0639 \u0627\u0644\u0646\u0635\u0651 \u062a\u0634\u0643\u0651\u0644 \u0627\u0644\u062f\u0648\u0644\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u062f\u064a\u062b\u0629 \u062a\u062d\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0627\u0646\u062a\u062f\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0628\u0631\u064a\u0637\u0627\u0646\u064a\u060c \u0648\u062f\u0648\u0631 \u062b\u0648\u0631\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u0639\u0634\u0631\u064a\u0646 \u0648\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0639\u0627\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u064a \u0625\u0642\u0627\u0645\u062a\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062b\u0645\u0651 \u062a\u0637\u0648\u0651\u0631 \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0639\u062f\u062f\u064a\u0629 \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 ....\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19252\" 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\u0627\u0644\u062d\u0632\u0628\u064a\u0629 ....\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/?p=19252\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u062f\u0631\u0627\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u06cc\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062e\u0627\u0645\u0633\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-02T13:30:36+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/ar.shahidkhames.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/7-2.gif\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"764\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"443\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/gif\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"\u0648\u062c\u062f\u0627\u0646 \u0643\u0627\u0638\u0645 \u0639\u0628\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062d\u0645\u064a\u062f \u0627\u0644\u062a\u0645\u064a\u0645\u064a\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:card\" content=\"summary_large_image\" \/>\n<meta name=\"twitter:label1\" 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